D067 Bias-Free and Expansive Language for God and Humanity
Resolved, the House of Bishops concurring,
That the 79th General Convention acknowledge that “bias-free language respects all cultures, peoples, and religions” (SBL Handbook of Style sec. 4.3.1) and encourage the use of inclusive and expansive language for both God and humanity; and be it further
Resolved, That the 79th General Convention in the spirit of effective evangelism and proclamation of the Gospel affirm the use of “bias-free language” defined by the principles below:
- Eliminate the perception of conscious or unconscious bias by the distracting use of biased language when not central to the meaning of the text.
- Avoid the generic use of masculine nouns and pronouns which is increasingly unacceptable in current English usage.
- Avoid the use of language that perpetuates stereotypes based on characteristics such as race, ethnicity, disability, sexual orientation, and gender identity or expression.
- Avoid the assignment of gender to God, except when required by the text.
- Respect all cultures, peoples, and religions by sensitivity to the uncritical use of biblical characterizations such as “the Jews” or “the Pharisees” that can perpetuate religious and ethnic stereotypes.
- Structure sentences to communicate clearly while using gender-neutral language, for example:
- Omit the pronoun.
- Repeat the noun.
- Use a plural antecedent.
- Use an article instead of a pronoun.
- Use the neutral singular pronoun “one.”
- Use the relative pronoun “who.”
- Use the imperative mood;
And be it further
Resolved, That Executive Council, the Office of General Convention and the Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society and all its employees shall follow these guidelines in all communications; and be it further
Resolved, That the 79th General Convention exhort Episcopalians, dioceses and congregations, and institutions and organizations affiliated with the Episcopal Church to follow these guidelines in all communications.
Explanation
Our language matters. A website, printed bulletin, or sign is often the first engagement a newcomer has with the Episcopal Church. These guidelines will equip our congregations, dioceses, Episcopal institutions, and all Episcopalians to provide a generous welcome and avoid unintended bias. Additional resources: ● The Society of Biblical Literature Handbook of Style. SBL is a widely-respected international organization of 8,000 biblical scholars who study the Bible from diverse perspectives. ● The Chicago Manual of Style, 17th edition, a venerable guide for writers of English. ● “The Handbook of Nonsexist Writing,” by Casey Miller and Kate Swift, 2nd ed. (New York: Harper & Row, 1988) ● “Guidelines for Bias-Free Writing,” by Marilyn Schwartz and the Task Force on Bias-Free Language of the Association of American University Presses (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1995) In a survey of guidelines in Episcopal seminaries, Nashotah House and Trinity School for Ministry commend the use of the SBL handbook, and Nashotah House also encourages use of the Chicago Manual of Style.